Expert Interview with Jerry Bernhart About Digital Marketing

Expert Interview with Jerry Bernhart About Digital Marketing Jerry Bernhart, Digital and Multichannel Marketing Recruiter of Bernhart Associates Executive Search, LLC, is also the author of Careers in eCommerce and Digital Marketing. He is one of the industry’s leaders and has an acute understanding of the field, which adds to his expertise. Jerry talked with us about hiring trends, digital marketing and the changing market, along with some tips for the job seeker. He shares valuable advice to anyone looking into the digital marketing field. Are there any important factors/trends in hiring that job candidates should know but often overlook?Many digital marketing candidates who are just getting into the field want to be all things to all people. You can’t know it all, and most of the search assignments I receive from employers who are looking for more junior-level talent have a specific need or a specific business problem to solve. They should try to specialize in one thing, get really good at it and then start thinking about addi ng to their knowledge base.How did you get into this niche of recruiting?I started out as a recruiter in direct marketing some 25 years ago. Moving into digital marketing and eCommerce was a natural transition for me because it’s all about marketing direct to the consumer.What are employers really looking for?Companies have never faced so much uncertainty and risk. In the space of only a few months, they can slip from market leader to follower. The ability to deal with major changes in the workplace, complete projects with very little direction, endure stress, handle multiple priorities – these are among the competencies that employers look for in all professionals, regardless of the industry they’re in. But this applies especially to digital marketing. What might have been considered a crazy idea one day might be the next day’s most anticipated experiment. Companies can test new ideas and try out new features on websites and get almost instantaneous resu lts. All businesses want their marketers to be adaptable, but in digital marketing that’s especially important because the only thing that doesn’t change is†¦well, change. Expect change to be the norm. Learn to adapt and you will stay a step ahead.What advice do you have for the frustrated job seeker?Network, network, network! One of the beauties of digital technology is that candidates these days have many more avenues for networking than their predecessors did just five years ago. Also, be open when it comes to location. There are plenty of excellent opportunities in places outside of the major metro areas. If you limit your search to a specific geographic area, expect fewer opportunities.How has the job market changed over the past 10 years or so, and where do you see it going in the next few years?The hiring process has been stretched out a lot. Ten years ago, my average search, from the initial call from the employer to the candidate’s first day on the job, usually didn’t last more than two months. Now, three months is the norm. Part of that is because employers have become much more selective. Many are looking for that â€Å"purple squirrel,† and some would just as soon let a position remain empty if they can’t find it.What does a digital marketing job candidate need to stand out?Attitude is number one. Employers want to hire a candidate who is going to be self-motivated. You can have all the skills in the world, but if you don’t show passion or enthusiasm, you won’t get very far!How should a candidate handle multiple job offers?It’s difficult to give a blanket response to that. Depends on the offers, depends on the timing, depends on a lot of things. Everyone’s situation is different. But multiple offers are a good thing because it gives you a choice. You need to have good negotiation skills to navigate through them. I take a very dim view towards accepting counter-offers.How hav e you seen the role of women in this industry change?It’s changed a great deal. In digital marketing in general, I work with as many women now as I do with men, although men still dominate the more senior-level eCommerce roles. I’m placing more women into technical positions than I ever have before, and they’re also representing an increasing percentage of the candidates I place in the corner office, like VPs and CMOs. In fact, I’ve placed TWO women into CMO roles just this year, more than during any year in the past!

4 Steps to Writing a Kick-Ass Cover Letter

4 Steps to Writing a Kick-Ass Cover Letter The cover letter is a hiring manager’s first line of defense. Some of the more seasoned professionals look at your letter first because it can be the most accurate gauge of how much effort you’ve put into trying to land that job. A good recruiter can tell whether you’ve taken the time to pay attention to details, polish a coherent narrative, and give a glimpse of who you are as a person and an employee. Almost any recruiter can tell when you’ve cut corners or made (and missed) careless mistakes. Even if you’ve written a cover letter  for the ages, there are still subtle pitfalls and hidden opportunities for finesse you may be blind to.1. Get the name rightThis may seem like an insultingly obvious point. But so many letters open with generic â€Å"Dear Sir or Madam† or â€Å"To whom it may concern,† rather than being addressed to a particular person.Step one: figure out the person who will actually be doing the hiring and screening fo r your position. Step two: make doubly- then triply- sure you’ve spelled their name 100% correctly. It’s not hard to get that detail right and it will save the hiring manager the wince when they see a letter or two out of place. You never know what makes the difference in whether or not you make it out of resume pile limbo.  2. Strike a balance between style and substanceSo many cover letters open with snooze-worthy first lines. â€Å"I write to express my keen interest in the X position.† You can do better than this. Try something that will hold any reader’s interest, but be careful- too interesting and you run the risk of it not transitioning well into the rest of your cover letter. Try to find a dazzling opening sentence that seamlessly segues into discussion of your professional qualifications and manages to add insight and context to your application. It’s a tough note to strike, but can really help you knock it out of the park.3. Strike a b alance between flattering them and selling yourselfIt’s important to convey your genuine interest in the company, and to hit home just how much you want to be a part of the team there. Flattery, when done correctly, can get you everywhere. Don’t forget, however, to include some insight into yourself. That is, after all, what they’re looking for. Playing only to their egos will often backfire.4. Be humble, but also bragThere’s a difference between bragging, humblebragging, and being overly humble. And there’s a sweet spot where they overlap. If you have holes in your application, or there are certain qualifications you lack, it’s important to mention these things and be proactive. But don’t give too much space on the page to what you don’t have. Move on quickly and focus on what you can offer to the company, and why you’re uniquely qualified and perfect for the job- even without that one specific skill you don’t qu ite have yet.If you’re at this stage, you already have a good letter. Don’t be scared to take it that extra mile. And, when in doubt, ask. Generous, smarter-than-you friends and paid professionals are out there to help.

Advertising theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Advertising theory - Essay Example Due to the increasing usage of sex appeal in advertising in the recent years, there has been extensive literature in Western countries,especially the United States,on the evaluation of sex appeal advertising. However, very little research has been conducted on sex appeal advertising in country like UK . As we all know, UK has become one of the most attractive markets in the world and advertising has become one of its fastest-growing industries. To answer these managerial questions, international advertisers need to understand how British consumers respond to different advertising strategies, including sex appeal strategies. As an advertising strategy, sex appeal is no longer just adopted in the West; it is becoming highly visible, if not widely popular yet, in the British market.This study has been conducted by Sanjay Putrevu. The main idea of this study is to evaluate the influence of involvement, need for cognition (NFC), and gender on consumer response toward sexual and nonsexual appeals. Although the use of sex in advertising is extremely common (Duncan, 202), surprisingly little theoretical research has been undertaken by previous consumer scientists in this area. As Reichert (p. 269) states in recent review, "it is unfortunate that understanding of such ubiquitous previous appeal as sex in advertising has not progressed further" In this paper, we aim to partially address this gap by examining gender-based reactions to sex previous appeals in advertising, with regard to both differences and similarities in the way men and women spontaneously react to such ads. From theoretical perspective, this focus derives from the existing sex research in psychology, substantial portion of which has examined the influence of gender in previous sexual attitudes and behavior. From practical perspective, such an exploration carries obvious implications for managers wishing to understand when and why the use of sex previous appeals might be effective across gender-defined s egments. Although there are many aspects of sex in advertising that could be of interest, we circumscribe our investigation along two dimensions: () We focus on reactions to gratuitous sex previous appeals; and (b) we examine processing of such ads under constrained processing conditions. The rationale for focusing on gratuitous previous sexual appeals is practical one. Ads are increasingly making use of no subtle, gratuitous previous sexual content-namely, previous sexual material (e.g., images) that many are likely to regard as being unnecessarily explicit, perception that is heightened when the image is also irrelevant to the advertised product. This study consists of three studies Study 1: Involvement Study 2: Need for Cognition (NFC) Study 3: Gender Study 1: Involvement The study shows that high involvement respondents produced more negative advertisement implementation and brand thoughts toward the sexual appeals than the non-sexual appeals. These consumers also seem to find the sexual content to be off-putting. These results suggest that sexual appeals may be effectual when targeting low-involvement consumers, but that they might not work well for high-involvement customers. Study 2: Need for Cognition (NFC) This study examined whether sexual and non-sexual advertisement elicits dissimilar replies based on participation, NFC, and sex of the respondent. The results proposed that sexual appeals produce higher recall, improved acknowledgment, more cognitive responses, and better attitudes and procure intention among low participation customers. Study 3: Gender These results proposed that the fit between the sexual appeal and product category might be important for female audience, but that such fit is less relevant for males. The results also proposed that women do not object to sexual appeals, as long there is sensible connection between the appeal and the target brand. Female aversion for sexual appeals seems to emerge when the appeals

Carbohydrates Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Carbohydrates - Essay Example Once the body consumes carbohydrates it turns them into sugar. The processed sugar is subsequently turned into energy that is used by our body cells, tissues, and organs. The sugar that is not used by these three elements is stored either in the muscles or liver of the person. Some carbohydrates are better for the body than others. Two types of carbohydrates are simple and complex carbohydrates. The difference between these two types of carbohydrates lies in the speed of digestion. Simple carbohydrates are digested slowly by the body, while complex carbohydrates are processed quickly. In scientific terms simple carbohydrates are monosaccharide and disaccharides, while complex carbohydrates are polysaccharides. When digested carbohydrates form glucose. Once the body receives the glucose it is then transported around the body through the blood stream to be converted in the cells into energy. â€Å"The pancreas gland in your abdomen secretes the hormone insulin, which controls the uptake of glucose by your cells† (Netdoctor, 2011). The excess sugar that is not used goes to the liver, muscles, or is converted into fat. Whenever the body needs extra energy a hormone called the glucagons gets secreted by the pancreas. This procedure converts glucagons back into glucose or sugar, which is then converted once again into energy for the body. According to the British Nutrition Foundation the average female receives 47.7% of their energy from carbohydrates, while men receive 48.5% (Netdoctor, 2011). Carbohydrates are present in a lot of the food we eat. Complex and simple carbohydrates are present in different types of food consumed by humans. The most common types of food that contain carbohydrates are whole grains, vegetable, fruits, vitamins, and sugared sodas. An extended list of food items that have either simple or complex carbohydrates is illustrated in the table below: It is important for humans to control their consumption

Once Upon A Family Essay Example for Free

Once Upon A Family Essay In the book (Daley, 2007) â€Å"Once Upon A Family† by author Margaret Daley, we read about a character by the name of Sean Williams who is helped by his principal at Cimarron High, where he attends school, by the name of Peter Stone. Laura Williams was extremely nervous as she stands before the high school principal, who is tall, dark and handsome, as she worries so much for her oldest child who had always been a good student. Peter Stone explains that Sean wasn’t willing to talk very much about the fight that he took part in and wonders if the new move had anything to do with this sudden change in Sean’s behavior. Peter takes a special interest in Sean’s mother and realizes that he can help her, her family and himself in finding completeness in their lives. Peter Stone lives on a beautiful ranch and is a religious man who learns not only to care for Sean, but also for his mother; Laura and Sean’s siblings. The Williams family attend Peter’s church many times and learn that God has special intentions for their lives and also that all problems can be solved through prayer. Laura Williams is a good hearted, self-sacrificing widow, while Peter Stone worked at his job at the high school where he could make a difference in the lives of the young and attended church, faithfully to fulfill his religious needs, but he still needed the Williams family in his life to fill an empty void and just as desperately as they needed him. We learn from this book that God has a special way of bringing people together and he always knows exactly what we need.

Correlation Between Drug Use and Suicide Essay -- Drugs Drug Suicide E

Correlation Between Drug Use and Suicide   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  America's on-going drug abuse epidemic continues into this millenium, and there are many social problems linked to drug use, including suicide. The disparity of daily life in suburbs or the inner cities are why many people have fallen into their reliance on drugs, including alcohol. Patros and Shamoo (1989) describe the abuse of drugs and alcohol as a 'slow form of suicide.' But many drug abusers choose to end their life before drugs have time to claim it by way of an overdose.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Contradictory to popular belief, teens are not of the majority of drug related deaths. Teenagers made up just two percent of drug related deaths in a 1994 survey of coroners. Many of these numbers are down dramatically from the 1970s, when illegal drugs were more available throughout the United States. Half of drug overdoses and suicides nationwide are men age thirty-five to fifty-four. Possible reasons for the dramatic difference between teenage drug deaths and middle-aged drug deaths are mid-life depression prior to drug use, more time to build as worsening habit, and the fact that most young people are primarily experimenting with drugs and not using them on a full time basis. Interestingly enough, Vietnam veterans had a higher level of drug-abuse fatalities than the rest of the population, probably due to their exposure to drugs derived from opium and the use of drugs to avoid flashbacks. Suicide rates among female drug users are higher t...

Advantages of Television Essay

Nowadays, many people all over the world spend most of their free time watching television. No one can deny the fact that, there is a television in almost every home. It is one of the most common entertainments for people all over the world. However, since its arrival, television has brought to man, many advantages. First and foremost, television plays an important role in our daily activities. It keeps us informed of all current affairs in the world. Events through television are more vivid than those through books and magazines. This is because we can watch these events which are sometimes aired on live telecast. Apart from that, television helps us enrich our spiritual lives. Our knowledge is broadened in many ways. Through language teaching programs , we can learn the language we like, such as, English, French, German, Chinese, Japanese and Spanish. We can also brush up our skills through various programs in television. We can become skillful at doing jobs, baking cakes or arranging flowers through practical programs taught on television. It is also undeniable that, television is a source of recreation. Humorous stories and funny films bring us minutes of relaxation after a hard day’s work. For me, sitting comfortably in an armchair to watch an international football match on television is more interesting than having to queue for tickets at a crowded stadium. In a nutshell, television is indeed useful to us when we know how to use it. Nevertheless, be careful not to overindulge ourselves in it and use in a discerning manner. Advantages of television Essay Television is as much a part of everyday life as eating and drinking. It is in fact a very natural part of daily life. 94 percent of European households own a television and make TV viewing an integral part of their day (*). Whether it is together with friends and family, in between and parallel to other activities (while cooking, while ironing etc. ) or as part of a moment alone while relaxing, TV plays a central role in most people’s lives. As such TV advertising is a powerful communication tool and as much a part of television viewing, as the programmes themselves. Television is as much a part of everyday life as eating and drinking. It is in fact a very natural part of daily life. 94 percent of European households own a television and make TV viewing an integral part of their day (*). Whether it is together with friends and family, in between and parallel to other activities (while cooking, while ironing etc. ) or as part of a moment alone while relaxing, TV plays a central role in most people’s lives. As such TV advertising is a powerful communication tool and as much a part of television viewing, as the programmes themselves. Television is as much a part of everyday life as eating and drinking. It is in fact a very natural part of daily life. 94 percent of European households own a television and make TV viewing an integral part of their day (*). Whether it is together with friends and family, in between and parallel to other activities (while cooking, while ironing etc. ) or as part of a moment alone while relaxing, TV plays a central role in most people’s lives. As such TV advertising is a powerful communication tool and as much a part of television viewing, as the programmes themselves. Television is as much a part of everyday life as eating and drinking. It is in fact a very natural part of daily life. 94 percent of European households own a television and make TV viewing an integral part of their day (*). Whether it is together with friends and family, in between and parallel to other activities (while cooking, while ironing etc. ) or as part of a moment alone while relaxing, TV plays a central role in most people’s lives. As such TV advertising is a powerful communication tool and as much a part of television viewing, as the programmes themselves. Television is as much a part of everyday life as eating and drinking. It is in fact a very natural part of daily life. 94 percent of European households own a television and make TV viewing an integral part of their day (*). Whether it is together with friends and family, in between and parallel to other activities (while cooking, while ironing etc. ) or as part of a moment alone while relaxing, TV plays a central role in most people’s lives. As such TV advertising is a powerful communication tool and as much a part of television viewing, as the programmes themselves. Television is as much a part of everyday life as eating and drinking. It is in fact a very natural part of daily life. 94 percent of European households own a television and make TV viewing an integral part of their day (*). Whether it is together with friends and family, in between and parallel to other activities (while cooking, while ironing etc. ) or as part of a moment alone while relaxing, TV plays a central role in most people’s lives. As such TV advertising is a powerful communication tool and as much a part of television viewing, as the programmes themselves. Advantages Of Television Essay Positive: Literacy, Democratization of Information, Enrichment of Culture. In this era, also known as information age, Television plays significant role in disseminating information and shaping people’s opinions. Since its invention television has been used for several different purposes including, broadcasting information, imparting knowledge and providing entertainment masses. Television has a lot of positive effects on society and culture. Television has played an important role in child as well as adult literacy. Studies show that people are able to understand and memorize information better if they see visual images. As compared to radio programmers, which broadcast only voice, television programmers provide voice as well visuals which help the audience get a better understanding. For example, it is difficult to express and understand how the letters of alphabet look like via a radio program, on the contrary through television program people will be able to better understand because they will not only be able to hear the sound but also see how the letter looks like. Another advantage of television is information democratization. This means that television has made it easier to access and learn new information which was not available in public domain and used to be passed on from father to son and from mother to daughter. Disadvantages of television: Wastage of time, Disinformation, Violence. On the other hand television can have a significant negative impact on society and culture. Wastage of time: The first disadvantage is that many people do not realize how much time they spend watching television if you spend one hour a day watching television. That is 365 hours a year and 3607 hours in ten years. You can only imagine what you could do with that time. Some television programs may encourage violence within society especially among youth for example, war movies that young children are often exposed too. Many of us find shows with crime or violence entertaining but these are not suitable for children of young ages. These scenes are practically common  on crime dramas. Children may not intentionally be being exposed but by simply being in or near the same room as an older child or adult watching the program. With children being exposed to these scenes it can corrupt there innocent minds leading them in some extreme cases become violent to other children. It can also lead to more permanent problems such as violence or evil thoughts well into adulthood. Fortunately this can be easily avoided or reversed by not allowing young children to view these programs by placing them in a different room from the television or sending them to bed. Another disadvantage of television, is Spreading disinformation among the masses is For example, a lot of countries resort to providing incorrect news for shaping and direct public opinion as well as distracting from real issues. In the end, television plays a very important role as a tool for broadcasting information to masses. It has the potential to change the way people think and therefore depending on its use it can either be beneficial or prove disastrous for society. It is therefore important to be discrete the use of television†¦

World Trade Center: Bathtub

One of the famous structures ever built in the entire history of mankind is the World Trade Center. The said structure is said to have hold numerous offices and institutions that plays a vital role in running the economy of America and even to other nations. Moreover, the World Trade Center is also one of tallest buildings ever erected making it attractive to many people around the world. This might also be the reason why the said structure was attacked and was brought down by the alleged terrorists in the year 2001. The structure then was totally destroyed and what only remained was its mere foundation. A Brief History. In the year 1946, the New York state planned to build a structure that would serve as the center for trade and commerce in the said U. S state. Manhattan was chosen to be the location of the planned structure in the year 1962. Numerous professionals were tapped to facilitate the construction of the World Trade Center including Japanese architects and engineers leading the design and construction team. The construction started in the year 1966, starting with the first tower located in the northern part of the site. The north tower was completed after six years and the center accepted tenants even before the tower was totally furnished. A year after the construction of the north tower, another building finished its construction located in the southern region of the site. It was on the same year that the dedication of the World Trade Center commenced. During that time, the World Trade Center was considered as the tallest structure ever built with 110-storey with more than a thousand and three hundred feet in height. Structural Foundation The foundation of the World Trade Center twin towers was constructed with one of the deep foundations ever made. A deep basement was made to support the entire structure of these towers and all of the loads the structure handles. The said basement is also called as the bathtub. This refers to as the underground foundation area not only of the World Trade Center but also of the adjacent buildings located in New York. The bathtub is a distorted rectangle in shape with dimensions equal to almost a thousand feet by five hundred twenty feet with a depth of about seven-storey building. The bathtub is situated down to the rock layer of earth’s foundation. It is then further supported by strong, solid walls that served as the barriers to impede water from the Hudson River to enter the foundation. The said walls are also called as slurry walls. This foundation was made due to the fact that the site where the World Trade Center was erected was man-made. Moreover, the bathtub was built underground and submerged into water. The bathtub designers used pre-fabricated steel as framework of the main foundation of the building. The amount of steel used totaled about two hundred thousand tons to supply the needs for the foundation of the World Trade Center. Braces were placed to support the slurry wall aside from the supplemental support provided by the bedrock. The Foundation Design of the World Trade Center Source: www. wc7. net The Bathtub The foundation designed by the architects and engineers was seen to be massive, just as what should be considering the height of the buildings to be erected on top of the said foundation. It is a must for any gigantic structure to cling its foundation on the solid rock located beneath the earth’s ground. To attach the foundation to the bedrock, the construction workers dug enormous mass of soil and brought it up on the earth’s surface. Another challenge that was faced by the builders is that the site is near a body of water. The water coming from the river may interfere in the construction of the foundation of the World Trade Center. To resolve this problem, the workers used digging machines to create channels down to the solid rock area of earth. As they dig troughs, the workers placed a slurry wall made up of bentonite. Bentonite is an expensive type of clay that is effective in impeding water from flowing. The said material would go within the dug channels, which would effectively block the water coming form underneath the surface. Pictorial Representation of the Foundation for the World Trade Center Source: www. deepexcavation. com Slurry Wall Slurry walls, also known as diaphragm wall is a type of structure created and casted in a certain trough or channel. The trench was hinged by an expensive type of clay called as bentonite that is specified to impede soil erosions into the foundation. In other terms, slurry walls refer to a wall that is utilized to obstruct stream flow. There are equipments that are being used in applying the slurry walls in building foundations. Some of the tools used include hydromills, hydraulic clamshells and other trenching equipment. Slurry Wall History The first slurry wall that was constructed was in the year 1950 in Italy. Four years earlier, slurry walls undergone series of tests to assess its capabilities as a part of foundation of a big structure. In the year 1960, this technology was introduced in the United States of America by the European building designers. Various buildings in the US were built using the slurry walls which includes structures located in New York and California. It was only after the said structures were built that the World Trade Center was erected and used the slurry walls in its foundation. Other key states utilized the technology like Boston and Washington D. C. Slurry Wall Construction Slurry wall construction can be summarized into four steps, as shown in the figure below. The first procedure is to create a trench and applying the clays used in forming the slurry walls (A). After this procedure, a steel cylinder is inserted at the ends of the excavated areas (B). After that, a fortification cage is placed down the trench to add more support in the foundation (C). The last procedure is the concreting of pipes where the buildings would be attached. Pictorial Presentation of Slurry Wall Construction Source: www. deepexcavation. com Slurry Wall Applications There are numerous applications that can be associated with the utilization of slurry walls. One of its major applications is to serve as earth retention barriers for tunnels, subterranean vaults, and excavations. Another application of slurry walls is for blocking water penetration onto the foundation. Increasing the strength of the foundation of any structure is also one of the major applications of these slurry walls. Moreover, contamination prevention is also one basic application that is used by many architects and engineers. A gas leakage prevention form landfill is also one application that can be associated with the slurry walls. However, there are also limitations in using slurry walls in the construction of foundation. Construction of slurry walls requires heavy equipments that consume a lot of space in the construction site. Operational costs are also expensive because of the materials needed in the construction of slurry walls. Slurry Wall: After 9/11 Attack The attack made on the twin towers of the World Trade Center caused severe damage into the structure. Furthermore, after the fall of the entire structure down to the ground, many people worried about the possible damage on the slurry walls and the bathtub of the World Trade Center which can possibly affect the adjacent structures built near the vicinity of the World Trade Center. Water penetration from the Hudson River can provide damages on other structures and can also bring flooding in the nearby areas. Because of these concerns, a team of experts was sent to check the status of the said walls and inspected the entire foundation site continuously using various equipments like inclinometers and other monitoring devices. Rehabilitation of the said walls were made in order to maintain the strength of the foundation of the World Trade Center and to avoid recurring problems that might bring more harm to the people and properties in the said region.

Students and Literature Circles Essays

Students and Literature Circles Essays Students and Literature Circles Essay Students and Literature Circles Essay Essay Topic: Students Literature circles involve students in rich conversations about what they had read. Students can express their opinions, predictions and questions about the book they read. Working in a literature circle taught me a lot of things. First I learn that I interrupt my group members when their talking and I do not wait until it my turn to talk. I also learn that I should let the quiet students in my group talk first. First of all, during this project, I learn that I interrupt by talking a lot. For example, there was a day when a student (A) was talking, and I wasnt paying any attention to him. Instead, I was chatting with the person next to me. It made the whole group is not paying attention to him too, just because of me. The other day when the student (D) was talking to me, I got out of the topic, and I started to talk about something else and my group join in too/. It made the student (D) mad. However after a couple of meeting in a literature circle, I learned how to wait for my turn to talk. For example, when a student (C) was talking to the group I wanted to say something, but I waited until the student (C) asks me what do I think. The student (C) did not start with the quiet students in my group to talk first instead he started with the students who are not quiet. When we started working in a literature circle, we did not let the quiet student talk first. For example, when I was the Discussion Director I did not ask the quiet students to talk first instead I asked the others students who were not quiet. When was finally their turn to talk they just agreed with other students and they did not talk the much. In addition, each time when my group are having a conversation it not really an open conversation. For example, when the student (D) was discussing about the drawing he made we started having a little conversation. The conversation was not a really open because the student (D) did not asked the quiet students first. It was diffic

How to Analyze Data Graphics on SAT Reading and Writing

How to Analyze Data Graphics on SAT Reading and Writing SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips On both the Reading and Writing sections of the SAT, there are questions that incorporate graphs, charts, and tables. On the Reading section, the Official SAT Study Guide refers to these questions as "interpreting data presented in informational graphics." On the Writing section, they're referred to as "drawing connections between words and data." Both question types contribute to your Command of Evidence subscore. For the purposes of brevity and clarity, I'll call the Reading and Writing questions that use data and graphics quantitative questions. In this article, I'll explain the different types of quantitative questions on Reading and Writing. Furthermore, I'll give you example questions and strategies to help you correctly answer quantitative questions on the SAT. Quantitative Questions on the SAT There are quantitative questions on both the Reading and Writing sections of the SAT. Typically, there will be about 3-6 quantitative questions on Reading and 1-2 on Writing. If you understand the different types of quantitative questions and practice understanding how data is presented on the SAT, you should be able to correctly answer these questions. I'll walk you through the three major types of quantitative questions on Reading and Writing, and I’ll provide a step-by-step approach for answering each type of question. Type #1: Data Questions These are direct questions that test you on whether you can read the information that’s presented. They're the most straightforward quantitative questions. I’ll provide examples and guidance for how to answer these questions. On these types of questions, the first step is to carefully read the graph. Make sure you understand what it's showing and how the information is being displayed. Then, determine what the question is asking. These questions are fairly basic, so you're most likely to make a mistake by either misinterpreting the graph or the question. Finally, you need to refer back to the graph to locate the answer. The information on the graph will directly support your answer choice. Let's take a look at a couple of examples of these types of questions. SAT Examples Follow the steps I provided to answer this data question from a practice SAT. Before attempting to answer the question, familiarize yourself with the graph. You’re most likely to make a mistake by rushing or being careless and reading the graph incorrectly. Make sure you understand each component of the graph. The graph is comparing regular coffee profits to fair trade coffee profits over time. The top line with the unshaded circles is graphing the profits of fair trade coffee. The bottom line with the shaded circles is graphing the profits of regular coffee. The X-axis, or horizontal line, shows the year and the Y-axis, or vertical line, is the amount of profit in US cents per pound. Next, let’s look at the question and determine what it’s asking. The question is asking us to identify the time period when the difference between profits from fair trade and those from regular coffee was largest. Refer back to the graph to find the answer. On the graph, the period when the difference between the profits was largest corresponds with the points on the graph where the distance between the top line and the bottom line is the largest. Quickly, you can see that the largest difference between the profits occurred during 2002-2004. The correct answer is B. If you didn’t realize the distance between the lines corresponded with the difference between the profits, you could have identified the profits for fair trade and regular coffee from the graph for each answer choice and calculated the difference between them. This would be a longer process, but you would still arrive at the correct answer. Here's another example of this type of question. Remember to follow all the necessary steps to answer the question. Again, let’s take a look at the graph first. The graph is showing changes in the depth of isotherms over a 24- hour period. The X-axis is the time of day, and the Y-axis is the depth below the surface in meters. The top line in the graph represents the isotherm of 13 degrees Celsius. The lines below represent the isotherms of , 10, and 9 degrees. Now, we’ll determine what the question is asking. We have to identify the isotherm that shows an increase in depth during the period 19:12 to 20:24. At this point, we’ll refer back to the graph to find our answer. If you take a look at the Y-axis, you’ll notice that a lower point on the Y-axis corresponds with a greater depth below the surface. Therefore, to answer our question, we need to find the isotherm in which its line moves down from 19:12 to 20:24. The only isotherm that shows a downward trajectory from 19:12 to 20:24 is 13 degrees Celsius. The correct answer is D. Steven Depolo/Flickr Type #2: Interpreting Data These questions require you to draw a conclusion or support a statement based on the data. You have to be able to determine what the information means. For these questions, it's easiest to go through the answer choices to determine which one is accurate based on the data. First, again, make sure you know what the question is asking. After you understand the question, look through the answer choices. For each answer choice, refer to the data to conclude whether or not the graphical information supports the answer choice. If the data doesn't support the statement in the answer choice, eliminate that choice. Continue to eliminate answers until you find the correct one. Follow these steps on the following SAT example questions. SAT Examples Check out this interpreting data question from the Reading section. We have to use the information from the graph to determine which statement is true. Again, for these questions, it’s easiest to go through the answer choices to determine which one is supported by the data. Let’s start with answer choice A and refer to the first figure. We have to determine if the number of students using public transportation is greater than the number of retirees using public transportation. From the pie graph, we can see that 10.7% of passengers are students and only 6.7% are retirees. The figure does support answer choice A. We can quickly go through the other choices to ensure that A is correct. For answer choice B, employed people are 72% and unemployed people are only 6.4% of passengers; therefore B is untrue. For answer choice C, homemakers are only 2% of passengers and those employed outside the home are 72%, so C is untrue. For answer choice D, in the figure, there is no mention of how often various groups use public transportation. The figure graphs the occupations of the passengers, but it says nothing about the frequency with which they use public transportation. Therefore, D is not supported by Figure 1, and the correct answer is A. Let’s try one more interpreting data question from the Writing section: Based on the sentence from the passage, we have to determine what happens when Empire apples are treated with 1-MCP. The dark bars represent apples that were treated with 1-MCP. Let’s go through the answer choices to see which one is true based on the data in the graph. For each answer choice, we'll refer back to the graph to see if the statement is an accurate interpretation of the data in the graph. Answer choice A is wrong because the graph shows that Empire apples experience almost 50% browning after being treated with 1-MCP and placed immediately in a controlled atmosphere. Answer choice B appears to be true. The data indicate that roughly 50% of the apple flesh browned with 1-MCP treated apples placed in the open air and those immediately placed in a controlled atmosphere. The dark bar on the right is a little more than 50%, and the dark bar on the left is a little less than 50%. Answer choice C is incorrect because both dark bars show that there is browning. Answer choice D is wrong because there is more browning with 1-MCP apples that are stored in the open air than there is with apples that weren’t treated with 1-MCP and stored in the open air. The correct answer is B. Side Stage Collective/Flickr Type #3: Combining Data With Information From the Passage These questions require you to understand the data and what’s written in the passage. You have to decide if the data supports information in the passage and vice versa. Often, you can answer these questions with just the data or only a basic understanding of the passage. Like all quantitative questions, first make sure that you comprehend the passage. Then, similar to the interpreting data questions, you have to go through the answer choices to determine if the data support the answer choice. Finally, you may have to refer to the passage to ensure that both the data and the passage reflect an answer choice before you make your selection. Check out these examples from practice SATs. SAT Examples Here’s an example from the Writing section: First, we must determine what the question is asking. Based on the map, we must figure out which term is heard in the middle and western portions of the US, which term is used in the south, and which term is used in the northeastern and southwestern US. The terms should be placed in order: middle and western US first, south next, and then northeastern and southwestern US. Next, let’s look at the map to determine which terms are used in the different regions. In the middle and west, â€Å"pop† is the popular term. The dark shaded color in that area corresponds with use of the word â€Å"pop.† In the south,â€Å"coke† is the term of choice. The diagonal lines in that area correspond with using the word â€Å"coke.† Finally, in the northeastern and southwestern US, â€Å"soda† is the word commonly used as indicated by the lightly shaded area. Therefore, the answer should be â€Å"pop,† â€Å"coke,† â€Å"soda." Look at the answer choices to find the correct answer. The correct answer is C.Here's one more example from the Reading section: Because the correct answer has to be supported by the passage and the graph, we can first eliminate the answer choices that are not supported by the graph.Answer choice A can be eliminated because the graph doesn’t provide any information about salinity. Based on the graph alone, you may not know which layers of water are denser, so for now, we’ll leave answer choice B. Answer choice C can be eliminated, because the graph indicates that the colder bands are lower.Based on the graph, answer choice D is correct. None of the waves go above 0 meters. We’re left with B and D. Now we can go to the passage to see which choice is supported by the passage. Let’s start with B. This is taken directly from the passage: The passage states that colder water is denser, and the graph shows that the colder water is below the warmer water. Therefore, B can’t be correct. Now let’s confirm that D is the right answer. These are the first 3 sentences of the passage: The passage clearly states that internal waves are underwater, and the graph shows that the internal waves never rise above 0 meters. The correct answer is D. Strategies for Quantitative Questions on Reading and Writing Here are some tips to keep in mind that will help you with the quantitative questions on Reading and Writing. Ignore the Data in the Passage Until You’re Answering the Related Questions If you see a graph or chart in a passage, disregard it until you attempt to answer the questions based on the data. You’ll have to refer back to the graph or chart when you’re answering the questions, so you don’t have to waste time looking at the data beforehand. Familiarize Yourself With the Data Before Answering the Question Before selecting an answer to a quantitative question, understand each component of the graph or chart. Know what’s being measured and exactly how it’s being measured. Make sure to read the labels and scales. If you incorrectly identify what's being measured on the x-axis or y-axis of a graph, then you're likely to get the question wrong. Similarly, if you don't correctly determine what each bar or line is measuring in a graph, you'll have difficulty correctly answering the quantitative questions. When Answering Questions That Ask You to Interpret the Data, Go Through the Answer Choices to Determine the Correct Answer For questions that ask you to identify which statement is true based on the data, go through each statement to see if it’s supported by the data. If one of the answer choices makes a claim that is either proven incorrect by the data or can't be directly supported by the data, then you should eliminate that answer choice. The correct answer will be the only one that is definitively proven by the graphical information. Oftentimes, there will be an answer that seems plausible, but it can only be the correct answer if it's supported by the evidence. Only Refer Back to the Passage if Necessary For most quantitative questions, you can rely solely on the data to answer the question. If you have to go back to the passage to confirm your answer choice, do as much as you can with the just the data to eliminate answer choices before referring to the passage. This will save you time. What's Next? Quantitative questions first appeared on the SAT in March of 2016. Find out how the Reading and Writing sections have changed. Also, you may want to learn how to excel on the SAT essay. Finally, learn from a perfect scorer how to get a 1600 on the SAT. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points? Check out our best-in-class online SAT prep program. We guarantee your money back if you don't improve your SAT score by 160 points or more. Our program is entirely online, and it customizes what you study to your strengths and weaknesses. If you liked this Writing and grammar lesson, you'll love our program.Along with more detailed lessons, you'll get thousands ofpractice problems organized by individual skills so you learn most effectively. We'll also give you a step-by-step program to follow so you'll never be confused about what to study next. Check out our 5-day free trial:

Electric Vehicles Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Electric Vehicles - Term Paper Example Such finite supplies necessitate current technology and development to be concentric upon finding alternate means of locomotion that service the needs of current and future human populations. One of the most relevant alternatives that currently exists within the field of transportation science is of course the prospect of the electric vehicle. Although the technology to produce such vehicles dates back to prior to the Second World War, it is only recently that the forces of environmental preservation, global warming, and the rising cost and ultimate limitations to fossil fuels have brought this technology to the forefront yet again. Yet although electric vehicles offer a great deal of promise, the fundamental scientific proof of thermodynamics must be applied in order for the researcher/reader to understand why electric vehicles have not caught on to a more profound and/or successful degree. As such, the following analysis will consider the second law of thermodynamics as it relates to electric vehicles as well as elucidating a level of discussion as to several other drawbacks that electric vehicles currently exhibit (Tai-Hoon et al. 59). Naturally, such shortcomings should not be seen as a fatal blow to electric vehicles now and in the future; rather, it will only help to delineate why the current technology is not sufficient to provide a fundamental shift in the market and remedy to the transportation pressures that currently force the system to rely upon fossil fuels. As a matter of clarity, the second law of thermodynamics states that entropy of an isolated system cannot decrease. This is due to the fact that isolated systems continual move towards a level of thermodynamic equilibrium; also known as a state of maximum entropy. This has also been used to express why perpetual motion machines of any type are impossible (Zhang et al. 517). Many of the current design strategies and business plans surrounding the production and development of electric vehicles i s of the false belief that the creation of an effective fuel cell will herald the beginning of the end for the concept of entropy. However, rather than this being taken seriously as a legitimate and proven scientific theory, this is in fact merely a sound bite that many investors and producers of electric vehicles have latched onto; devoid of any grounding in the reality of science (Gonzalez-Romera et al. 9317). Due to the fact that the second law of thermodynamics does not allow for any self contained system to perpetuate itself indefinitely without the consumption of resources to continue such a process as it was designed, no matter how efficient a fuel cell or alternative technology is released with relation to the electronic vehicle, it is ultimately impossible to meet the expectations of many individuals within the market (Abu-Siada et al. 17). Another problematic issue that exists with regards to the laws of thermodynamics and the electric car is the lack of understanding that many within society integrate with regards to where the energy comes from that powers these aforementioned electric vehicles. Although the emphasis upon being â€Å"green† and environmentally responsible is a step in a positive direction for all those within society that seek to